Recent developments
Niacin & NAD+ — cardiovascular safety (4PY)A metabolite of niacin called 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside, mercifully shortened to 4PY, has put a serious question mark over the…Cardiovascular Disease: What the Primary Evidence SupportsThe causal core is settled. Atherosclerotic disease is caused by cumulative exposure to apoB-containing lipoproteins, established by Mendelian…Is high LDL always dangerous — the Lean Mass Hyper-Responder challengeThe apoB-causes-heart-disease model is one of the most thoroughly tested ideas in cardiovascular medicine, supported by Mendelian randomization…Insulin and atherosclerosisHyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis share an uncomfortable proximity in people with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, but the question of…Heart failureThe failing heart is starving for energy in a specific biochemical sense: it runs low on NAD+, a molecule central to how cells generate ATP and…GLP-1 drugs — miracle or crutch (and the muscle-loss problem)GLP-1 receptor agonists, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and their successors, have generated more breathless coverage than almost any drug class in a…Exercise & VO2max — the strongest longevity lever (causal, too much)Cardiorespiratory fitness is the strongest modifiable predictor of how long you live. Not diet, not sleep, not any supplement, fitness, measured as…Exercise-plaque paradoxEndurance exercise is one of the most effective tools for protecting your heart. Yet cardiologists have noticed something unsettling in athletes who…EPA vs DHAEPA and DHA are both marine omega-3 fatty acids, but treating them as interchangeable is a mistake the clinical trial record has made expensive.AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis is not simply "clogged arteries." It is a decades-long inflammatory process driven by lipid-laden particles burrowing into artery…Are seed oils uniquely harmful — the omega-6 debateSeed oils have become one of the most polarizing topics in nutrition. Social media influencers describe them as metabolic poison; mainstream dietitians…